Freeman vs. Friedman - 1866 Words

Freeman vs. Friedman In their theories of how a business should operate, R. Edward Freeman and Milton Friedman hold virtually opposite beliefs as to what businesses’ responsibilities should be. In favor of the Stakeholder theory, Freeman believes that any person or organization that has a â€Å"stake† in the business should also play a role of participation in the business’s actions and decisions. In the other corner of the ring stands Milton Friedman, who holds the belief that said business is only responsible for those that actually own stock in the business – the owners, or stockholders. A strong believer in his reconceptualized Stakeholder Theory of the Modern Corporation, R. Edward Freeman believes the key to success in business is†¦show more content†¦Nowadays, after the passing of several bills constraining the actions of corporations, acting in a similar manner would pose several legal and ethical issues. This is why, Freeman argues, t his ancient idea of managerial capitalism is no longer effective. After bashing the old idea of managerial capitalism, Freeman starts explaining why his reconceptualized stakeholder concept is much more logical. Freeman modestly articulates a stakeholder theory using the â€Å"narrow definition† of a stakeholder, which includes those who are vital to the success and survival of a corporation. Specifically, these stakeholders include owners, management, suppliers, employees, customers, and the local community. As well as being directly connected with the corporation, Freeman argues that the stakeholders are also interconnected with each other as well, and that each stakeholder is vital to the survival of the corporation, and vice versa. Employees rely on the business to give them a paycheck; the business provides their livelihood. Employees return the favor because they run the business on a day to day basis. Suppliers are vital to the firm’s success because the q uality of the raw materials purchased will determine the quality and price of the final good produced by the firm. As a result, the firm is a customer of their supplier, and is therefore vital to their supplier’s success. The next stakeholder, customers,Show MoreRelatedFriedman vs Freeman1925 Words   |  8 PagesThis paper will have a detailed discussion on the shareholder theory of Milton Friedman and the stakeholder theory of Edward Freeman. Friedman argued that â€Å"neo-classical economic theory suggests that the purpose of the organisations is to make profits in their accountability to themselves and their shareholders and that only by doing so can business contribute to wealth for itself and society at large†. On the other hand, the theory of stakeholder suggests that the managers of an organisation doRead MoreEssay on Friedman vs Freeman827 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Stakeholder† theory of management, two different views about the purpose and aims of a business. Milton Friedman’s shareholder theory of management says that the purpose of a business is to make money for the owner or the stockholders of the business. Friedman says that there is only one social responsibility for the business: to use its resources in order to increase its profits as long as the business stats within the rules that are assigned, as for example to compete in free competition and withoutRead MoreAssignment Sheet : An Assignment Cover Sheet1395 Words   |  6 Pagesanywhere around the world. It’s also known that a virtual setting is more favorable to an office setting. The virtual setting also benefits a company financially as they don’t have to spend money on physical locations and transportation. (Virtual Teams vs Traditional Teams., n.d.) There is also a sense of comfort for the employees as with a virtual setting. the employees are allowed to work from home and get away from the traditional office setting. The virtual setting is overall re warding as it setsRead MoreThe First Level Of The Pyramid1491 Words   |  6 PagesLimitations of the Pyramid Shareholders vs. Stakeholders Approach One of the key objectives of business has been to create profit for shareholders, but as CSR became more widespread it has been supported that companies have responsibility to stakeholders, which lead changes in many companies’ approach to conduct business. The two prevailing approaches are the shareholder and stakeholder approach, which are going to be examined below. Shareholder Approach In 1970 Friedman wrote the much-cited article inRead More Corporate Social Responsibility Essay2477 Words   |  10 Pagesinvestigate some of the classical theories of CSR and its contribution to profit maximisation. Finally, some specific arguments that state that the introduction of social responsibility is not a good idea and how it has failed to create the ?good society? (Friedman 1970: 122-126) will be discussed. Corporate social responsibility has undergone a definitional evolution over the past half century but has always and will always remain an essential part of business language. Definitions of CSR have became moreRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility2536 Words   |  11 Pagesinvestigate some of the classical theories of CSR and its contribution to profit maximisation. Finally, some specific arguments that state that the introduction of social responsibility is not a good idea and how it has failed to create the ‘good society (Friedman 1970: 122-126) will be discussed. Corporate social responsibility has undergone a definitional evolution over the past half century but has always and will always remain an essential part of business language. Definitions of CSR have became moreRead MoreManagerial Stakeholder Theory - Essay2991 Words   |  12 Pagesresponsibilities of the companies (Crane amp; Ruebottom 2011). This is how the concept of solicited corporate social disclosure comes into existence. Due to this confusion around disclosure principles we have a big area of research. According to Freeman the definition of Stakeholder is â€Å"any group or individual who can affect or is affected by the achievement of the organization.† Shareholders also come under stakeholders group as they are the important part of the organization. Shareholders are alsoRead MoreCompeting Models Of Corporate Governance1398 Words   |  6 Pagesshareholder method offers stronger protection for investors and shareholder democracy. [Solommon,2007] http://www.todayscience.org/JBM/article/jbm.v1i1p52.pdf http://leg.u-bourgogne.fr/wp/1041202.pdf http://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/the-shareholders-vs-stakeholders-debate/ Corporate governance theories There are various types of corporate governance theories. For the purpose of this discussion several theories have been reviewed. Agency theory Corporate governance has reviewedRead MoreThe High Demand Of Internet2847 Words   |  12 Pagesby business which focus only on maximizing shareholder wealth. Friedman (1970) strongly argues about maximizing the financial return for shareholder. However stakeholder theory is theory that saying managers have a moral obligation to balance and consider the interests of all stakeholders, the individuals that the actions and results of an organization will being affected by or will give effect to are called as stakeholders (Freeman, 1984). Stakeholder theory actually showing that stakeholders areRead More2074 Final Notes Essay6510 Words   |  27 Pagesa person’s life is valuable only inasmuch as it is a source of happiness. / You are not important to a utilitarian, only the happiness you experience is significant. John Locke-Second Treatise of Human Government Locke on Friedman: Locke does not believe Friedman is correct when he states the market is self regulating. / Without government intervention, there will be too much inequality in the market. / We need the government to redistribute the wealth. Natural Rights: Property, life, liberty

The Media s Influence On The Society - 987 Words

The media immensely affects how issues are perceived in the society. To constantine the cultural set up is, in actuality, to dismiss the world as seems to be, and rather to demand twisting it to people’s inclinations, as though authority and predominance were outmodelled. The act of technological metamorphosis in culture is due to the media and its uses in our daily lives. Every conventional society comprehended the unprecedented change and viewed affliction as securely attached from, and vital to, the postulation of independent people.The media directs the political structure, the modes of business operation, the dressing code and even the behavior of different industries. The Hugo Boss fragrance advert is for a new product called Woman that the company is adding to their line of scents. Note that the choice of the commercial outlet and the period of the advert placement is significant. During this period of the year, The New York Magazine had the greatest month for online traffic sales in the organization s history. A record of 27 million monthly unique guests scanned the magazines web properties, and another 15 million printed copies were sold (Grabowicz 21). Among New York s verticals, the most looked at sections were the Vulture section, culture and entertainment site, and the Cut out covering style fashion and lifestyle. Furthermore, most of the female celebrities were interested using and experiencing the feel of â€Å"woman.† Each was representing 9 million guestsShow MoreRelatedThe Media s Influence On Society1462 Words   |  6 PagesThe media s the most powerful entity on earth. They have the power to make the innocent guilty and to make the guilty innocent, and that s power. Because they control the minds of the masses† (Ruddy, 2002). Malcolm X, a prominent African American human rights activist, strongly believed that the media played a vital role in how they make society perceive events and people. An issue that is present, historically and currently, is media contributing to racism. When news is reported involvingRead MoreMedia s Influence On Society1454 Words   |  6 PagesThe Media’s Chokehold The media s influence on society is suffocating and undeniable. Body image has become overwhelmingly present in most media today. The front cover of a magazine may critically exclaim â€Å"so-and-so has cellulite† or â€Å"so and so is too thin†. Popular reality stars like Nicole Polizzi (otherwise known as â€Å"Snooki†) have been criticized for being to large and then criticized for being too thin after dropping the weight. The media teaches people to be unsatisfied with their bodiesRead MoreMedia s Influence On Society1269 Words   |  6 Pages The media is full of countless things, it has completely changed the world and is now a part of our everyday lives (Bookman, 64). With television, radio, newspapers, books, etc†¦ working their way into our everyday lives it is impossible to live without the media today. Along with it being persuasive, informational and a great source for entertainment it also has a large binding influence on societies all over the world. Media aspects are radically reshaping the world (Marina 240) and though someRead MoreMedia s Influence On Society1256 Words   |  6 PagesThe media are full of countless things, they have completely changed the world we live in and are now a part of our everyday lives (Bookman, 64). With television, radio, newspapers, books, etc†¦ working their way into our everyday lives it is almost impossible to live without the media. Along with it being persuasive, informative and a great source for entertainment, it also has a large binding influence on societies all over the world. Media aspects are radically reshaping the world (Marina 240)Read MoreMedia s Influence On Society1293 Words   |  6 PagesMedia is a major contributor of how social groups are perceived in today’s society. Mediais around us every day almost all day, and it constantly sends messages about the world’s environment. There are many indicators shown pertaining to how media really af fects society. One of the most prominent explanations of those questions is the way media influences stereotypes. There has been previous research linking media sources and biased attitudes. This research paper explores articles supporting mediaRead MoreMedia s Influence On Society Essay1250 Words   |  5 Pagescapitalist society the United States has developed a media centered culture. Society has been influenced tremendously by mass media it seems as if it has become a necessity in life. Nine DVDs worth of data per person every day is the amount of all media delivered to consumers whether it be visual or auditorial on a daily basis. As consumers and technology develop that number will continue to increase because of the multi-tasking abilities that will be created (Zverina 13). The hold media has on societyRead MoreThe Media s Influence On Society1654 Words   |  7 PagesMass media is perhaps the most powerful tool in the world for creating, changing or perpetuating societyâ⠂¬â„¢s ideas about an issue or group of people. It works both blatantly and subconsciously by deciding which issues are important, how to frame those issues, who to show as affected by them, and, increasingly, providing personal commentaries on the matters at hand. Because the majority of media outlets are owned by corporations dominated by white heterosexual men, many minorities are portrayed in waysRead MoreMedia s Influence On Society1475 Words   |  6 PagesMass media has affected our view as a society on social class and what defines one’s social class. Throughout this article called â€Å"Making Class Invisible† by Gregory Mantsios, we evaluate the influence media has on our society and as Mr. Mantsios states how â€Å"media plays a key role in defining our cultural tastes, helping us locate ourselves in history, establishing our national identity, and ascertaining the range of national and social possibilities† (para. 1). Our social class determines wh atRead MoreThe Media s Influence On Society1560 Words   |  7 Pagesare. How many times have we heard this, yet we live in a society that appears to contradict this very idea. If looks don’t matter then why do women and girls live in a society where their bodies define who they are? If looks don t matter then why is airbrushing used by the media to hide any flaws a person has? What exactly is causing this, why do we feel like we are just not beautiful the way we are? Its the media. It’s because the media promotes a certain body image as being beautiful, and it’sRead MoreThe Media s Influence On Society1416 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The media s the most powerful entity on Earth. They have the power to make the innocent guilty and to make the guilty innocent, and that s power. Because they control the minds of the [people]† (Malcolm X). The message of this Malcolm X quote is that society can control the mind of the individual. This is true. For many years, society has influenced everyone worldwide both negatively and positively. That is because society has the ability to control the individual’s decisions. They can control

Art history formal analysis Renoir luncheon Essay Example For Students

Art history formal analysis Renoir luncheon Essay Year or Time Period Completed: 1881 4. Medium/Technique/Process used: Oil on Canvas 5. Size: 51 ex. in. 6. Where Produced: The balcony of the Mansion Fairness, Chateau, France and nearby studio of Augusta Renoir. 7. Where located/housed: Phillips Memorial Gallery, Washington, DC. Part Ill Objective Description of the Art Objects Subject Matter: The subject matter of the painting consists of a group of people assembled on an outside deck that has a wooden railing and a red and white striped canopy. The deck is surrounded by marsh grass and some trees with a river visible beyond them. Upon he river a few boats can be seen, one of them a sailboat. In the immediate foreground theres a square table with a white tablecloth on which rests several empty wine glasses with apparent red wine residue. A few plates are also visible with fluted glasses upon them, discarded morsels of food and silverware can also be seen. A centerpiece dish of fruit composed of Grapes and pears is flanked by several bottles of red wine. A few discarded white cloth napkins have been casually cast among the dishes. Seated to the left of center at the table in the foreground is a young woman wearing straw hat with a red flowered hat band. She wears a fine black dress with white lace edging at the neck and cuts, a dark red scars draped over neck and down the front of the dress. She wears a black choker around her neck. Shes holding a small brown furred dog close to her face from under its forelegs the dog sits upright upon the table facing her. Behind her to the left standing and leaning with his backside against the wooden railing of the deck, his right arm gripping the railing stands a large man, his face in profile as he looks to the right and slightly back. He wears a dome shaped straw hat with the brim curved upwards its edge trimmed in blue. He has close cropped reddish brown hair and has a full beard and mustache of the same color. He wears a white tank top shirt and white pants. To his right along the railing several feet behind the foreground table stands a woman bent forward, her left arm and right elbow resting upon the railing as she faces the table. She wears a straw hat with a blue hat band the brim curved down. Her dresses is off white and trimmed in red that the neck and cuffs. Facing her with his back to the table sits a man wearing a brown suit and a brown and bowler hat. Behind the woman at the railing at the far left corner of the deck facing forward stands a man rearing a brown Jacket with a light blue shirt wearing a cap. Facing him standing with his back to the viewer facing left is a man wearing a black overcoat and a black top hat with a beard. In the right foreground seated facing the table on a wooden chair that is turned backward is a man who looks left toward the railing of the deck, his face in profile. He faces the woman seated opposite him who holds the dog. He is wearing a straw hat with a flat top and black hatband its brim turned up at the back. He has brown hair and a light brown short mustache. He wears a white tank top shirt ND dark colored pants. His arms rest forward on the reversed chair back; in his right hand he holds a cigarette. To his right seated at the table is a woman wearing a white brimless hat with a few blue stripes. Her dress is blue with white ruffles trimmed in red at the neck and white cuffs. Her hair is brown a small round earring can be seen hanging from her right ear as she looks up and to the right. Standing behind her over her left shoulder is a man wearing a cream colored Jacket with wispy blue stripes. He wears a white shirt and a black cravat. His hair falls over his forehead and is reddish brown. He has a small mustache and a goatee beard. He is leaning over the womans shoulder with his hand resting on the back of her chair, looking down at her. Behind him in the background over his left shoulder is a woman standing facing left, with black gloved hands raised to the sides of her face. She wears an ornate black hat with feathers and a black dress. Standing next to her with his arm around her is a man with a straw hat with a red hat band, wearing a red and white striped shirt. He faces forward looking at her intently. To his right stands another man facing the woman he has his arm around. This man has a full beard ND wears a black hat. Behind him seated at the back table is a woman in a flowered straw hat who is drinking from a glass, she looks directly out of the picture plane past the table in the foreground at the viewer. A man seated to her left is barely visible in profile and past the shoulder of the man in the cream colored Jacket. The entire scene is brightly lit with ambient light from the open sides of the porch the majority of which were enters from the front left of the picture plane. The white tablecloth on the table in the foreground glows with reflected light and the glasses and bottles on he table twinkle in the light. Part IV Examination to the Art Objects Medium/Technique/Process Used The medium used is this painting by Renoir is oil on canvas. The work was painted en plain air (outside) utilizing the all prima (wet on wet) technique and also the classical layering technique of oil painting employed by the old masters. In these processes the first step would require the preparation of a surface on which to apply the oil paint. A linen canvas would be stretched around a wooden frame and tacked into place. The surface of the canvas would then be protected from the acidic ululates of the oil paint by applying layers of rabbit skin glue and chalk known as a ground. Next a primer of white lead paint or glue mixed with chalk geese is added to provide a base layer for the painting. A rough outline of the scene would then be sketched onto the canvas as a guide for painting. Next the creation of a palette from which to paint from would require selecting the proper pigments. (Stalked pig. 234) For the portions of this work that were painted en plain air in the all prima technique in the Impressionist style such as the tableware in the foreground Renoir would have used portable tubes of pigmented mint. Other portions that were executed in his studio employed classical oil painting techniques of layering colors and then glazing which creates a lustrous glow and provides the three dimensional quality of modeling. This technique is evident in the modeling of the forearm and the hand holding the cigarette of the man seated at the table in the right foreground. Colors would then be applied to their proper regions according to the sketch starting with the darkest and ending with the lightest, a mosaic upon which the details and highlights could then be painted. Finally upon implosion the painting would be sealed with a varnish to protect its surface. (Sanders pig. 11) Part V Examination of the Art Objects Composition (its Form Organization): 1 . Identify and describe a specific incidence of composition from the list found below: A. Line: Renoir uses a sharp clean line to define the arm of the man seated at the table in the right foreground. The precise outline of the arm adds to the contrast of color between the arm and the mans white shirt, the white tablecloth, and chair adding perceived depth to the shape of the arm. In contrast Rennins use of line in creating he marsh grasses outside the balcony is loose and diffused, giving the grass a perceived movement and depth. Analysis of Prokofiev Sonata No 7 EssayTechnological advances that were made during the mid sasss in France include the invention and patenting of the modern sewing machine in 1830, the invention of a wire nail making machine 1834, the invention of the Daguerreotype photo process 1839 and the invention of the first lead acid rechargeable battery by Gaston Planet 1859. Scientific advances made during this time include the discovery of the photoelectric effect by Alexander Becquerel 1839, discovery of the rate of rotation of the earth by Leon Faculty 1851, and Louis Pastures processes of bastardization and vaccinations. Other achievements include the architectural feats of constructing the Eiffel Tower and the Suez Canal (Timeliness France 1796-1920) In the mid sasss Paris was the creative cultural Hub of Europe, and Artists and writers converged on the city looking to gain acknowledgment of their work. Many of these artists lived in poverty in a section of Paris known as the Latin Quarter, here they extolled the virtues of writing and painting the world as they saw it rejecting traditional themes and motifs, they called themselves Bohemians. Significant works of writers of the time include Victor Hugs Less Miserables, Alexander Dumas Jar. La Dame auk Camellias, and the comedies of Gustavo Flatter of which Madame Ovary enjoyed great popularity. A new style of painting known as impressionism was adopted by several artists during the mid sasss who strove to create art that was closer to life and free from past traditions, most notably Detoured Meant, Jean-Claude Monet and August Renoir. The work of the Impressionists were generally rejected by the mainstream art salons and art critics of the time who reflected the bourgeois idea that art should represent the virtues and ideologies of the ruling class or recount important moments in history (Marinara pig. 23 Part VII The art objects auto/biographical data of the artist/school. Born February 25 1841, in Lingoes, France died December 3 1919, Cannes, France Pierre Augusta Renoir was raised by a working class family in Paris. His parents recognizing he had artistic talent apprenticed him to work in a porcelain factory age 13 painting flowers on plates. Realizing he should stu dy painting to fully realize his talent, he began painting lessons under the tutelage of Charles Gallery as well as taking courses in anatomy and drawing. During this time Renoir met Claude Monet and they became good friends. Together with Alfred Sisley and Edgar Degas these artists formed a new group of painters known as the Impressionists, who depicted scenes of everyday Parisian life in expressive style that concentrated on the effects of natural light and how it altered the appearance of their subjects. The impressionists generally worked outdoors viewing their subjects directly as they minted utilizing the process of all prima with oil paints. The impressionists new style of painting was generally rejected by the mainstream art gallery the Juries of the Salon and finding profitable work was difficult, but Rennins affinity for painting the human form gained him several commissions for portraits and this work gave him exposure and recognition by middle class society. Honing his craft Renoir began using more expressive brush strokes in his paintings which increasingly emphasized the everyday pleasures of Parisian life. Several of his most important works were employed during this time most notably La Loge 1874, Dance at El Million De La Galatea 1876, and The Luncheon of the Boating Party 1881. Gaining wider acceptance of his work, and his finances no longer a problem Renoir was married in 1890 to Alien Chariot. In his later years Renoir was plagued by rheumatism forcing him to seek better climate in Southern France where he eventually purchased the estate of Less Toilettes in Cannes, Preface in 1907. Here he spent the remainder of his life. Despite the debilitating arthritis which deprived him of the use of his fingers and legs Renoir continued to paint by securing his paint rush to his hand. The subjects for his Paintings during this period consisted of his wife and children as well as his maid, and still lifes of flowers and fruits from his garden. (Cognizant/Hutchinson pig. 32) Rennins love of painting contemporary working class men and women at leisurely pursuits (formerly restricted to members of the aristocracy) is apparent in his painting Luncheon of the Boating Party 1881. The dynamic social structure of late nineteenth century France is evident in this paintings illustration of many diverse social classes enjoying the luxury of a day in the suburbs of Paris on the river Seine. As a social commentary this group embodies the fulfillment of the French Revolutions promise of freedom and equality for all citizens, regardless of wealth or social class. (Road Para. 6) The historical significance of this painting is that it represents the culmination of Rennins artistic talents up to this point in his life and marks a departure for him from purely Impressionist renderings. In this painting Renoir exhibited his talents in boot Classical and Impressionistic painting styles, combining his skills in portraiture, landscape, and still life in one coherent masterful composition. (Movement Para. ) Part VIII Your interpretation of the Art Objects content (your critical Judgment) Rennins intention in this painting is to celebrate the increasing freedom and quality of life of middle class Parisian that grew out of the social and economic changes the French revolution set into motion. The middle class may still be tied to their work in the city but increased wages and a shorter workweek give them the freedom to make an excursion to the suburbs to enjoy leisurely pursuits, and forget about work and enjoy the company of others in their pursuit of love and happiness in this new modern age. This ideal is communicated with great effect in the painting where varied members of society are Joined together in pleasant harmony within an intimate setting surrounded by scenic beauty. Renoir utilizes all of his talents to depict this paintings scene as a carefree gentle afternoon of communal pleasure, luxurious yet simple and infused with the promise off good life to be had for all. This painting makes me feel nostalgic for a time when American society was less fractured by economic and cultural differences. People were more tolerant and respectful of one another and could enjoy each others company at a place such as evicted in the painting. Alas I believe the American melting pot and the promise of economic freedom for all are empty idealistic notions that have fallen out of favor. Rennins painting reminds us that monumental changes in society and culture are possible, that when unified the working class can be a great force for change in their lives. If people that share the same economic burdens can put aside their petty differences, and rally for a cause for change much can be accomplished. The painting reminds me of many works of art that Eve studied over the course of his semester, in that it has elements and stylistic qualities of the great masters as well as the innovations of the Impressionist movement.

The Black Plague Essays - Plague, Second Plague Pandemic, Epidemics

The Black Plague : From the early fourteenth to late seventeenth century, Europe was decimated by one of the most horrifying pestilence's human kind has ever known(Coulton 493). The killer's name was later to be recognized by the detrimental consummation it had seized upon a person's life. It was known as the Black Plague. This terrible epidemic exhausted small towns across Europe, including the British Isles, brutally killing an incredulous amount of people. The disease had wiped out entire villages leaving dead bodies to decompose within the gutters of streets and corners of allies(Ziegler 17). Though people were introduced to the severity of the plague, they were still mystified as to the causes of the deadly disease. Because of this fact, a parade of unconfirmed myths and questionable facts had arisen concerning the sources of the abhorrent epidemic for over five centuries(Coulton 493). In the nineteenth century, the causes of the terrifying pestilence was discovered and the Black Death was no longer a conundrum. One myth, of the origin of the deadly plague was said to be a result of medieval gas warfare. Yet another myth, stated that the murderous disease was an aftereffect of a great earthquake that occurred in Europe. Scientists even believed that the epidemic was caused by Paolilli 2 heaps of unburned corpses left in churchyards(Beatty and Marks 80). The last proven cause of the pestilence was found to be a disease of rats and other related animals(Rowling 186). One of the myths as to the cause of the Black Plague is quite an unusual story that was formed by peoples unexplainable imaginations. One of the probable derivations of the epidemic supposedly was born in a terrible war that had occurred between the deadly waters of the Indian Ocean and the sun(Ziegler 14). The immense waters of the treacherous blue ocean were lifted up like a solid wall of concrete to fight the flaming sun. As the wall stood in the midst of the air still touching the base of the water, dangerous vapors began to disperse from the water. The high winds spurred the poisonous fumes spurred out in every direction(Ziegler 14). The plague reached the nearby lands and the epidemic began to take it's murderous route. This myth arose from small villages as people spread rumor after rumor from the stories they had once heard as to the unexplainable causes of the plague. Though this tale is entirely nonsensical, people were still mystified because of the secrecy as to the causes that they were eager to believe any explanation that there was to offer concerning the deadly plague. Paolilli 3 Another myth, as to the beginning of the dreadful virus, is it arose from poisonous fumes as a direct result of earthquakes that occurred during the Medieval times. It was stated that a horrendous amount of pressure had been building up underneath the Earth for several years(Ziegler 21). Poisonous gases then began to stir amongst each other. Then terrible earthquakes had rocked Europe and the poisonous fumes, that were once enclosed by the several layers of earth, were now being released through cracks into the atmosphere. This viperous cloud streamed across Europe and killed each individual who it met(Ziegler 21). Next, it was stated that the epidemic was caused by innumerable layers of unburned corpses that were left in churchyards(Beatty and Marks 81). A man named Galen had stated, The infection arose from 'Inspiration of air infected with a putrid exhalation. The beginning of the putrescence may be a multitude of unburned corpses, as may happen in war; or the exhalations of marshes and ponds in the summer?'(Ziegler 22). A Dr. Crighton also supported the findings that the plague had originated within the piles of dead corpses that were left unburied. He stated that specific incidents that would explain the tremendous amount of people left dead are directly related to the tragedies that had struck Paolilli 4 China(Ziegler 24). He also concluded that, the probable reason why there was such a high death rate among church affiliated persons is the dead were buried in churchyards where the priests and monks lived close to. The church related people had obtained cadaveric poisoning from the enormous amount of dead bodies and diseases

Impact of Slave Trade essays

Impact of Slave Trade essays The slave trade of the 14th through 19th centuries had many impacts on the U.S. and Latin America. In my opinion, though there may have been less slaves shipped there, the overall impact on the U.S. was greater than on Latin America. In many ways these impacts are still being felt today. Some people would say that the greatest impact of the slave trade was the United Stated Civil War. I suppose that this would be an obvious and correct statement, but I believe that the consequences extend far beyond that. In my opinion, the most important consequence of the slave trade is seen in todays American society. Our culture is very concerned with political correctness, and a lot of it is a result of the poor treatment of minorities by our country in the past. It is obvious that the slave trade brought on hundreds of years of racism toward the black race. During the civil rights movement of the 1960s, there was a struggle between the oppressors and the oppressed, ending with the oppressed finally receiving full rights as human beings. Ever since then, there has been an increased level of awareness in the way our culture acts toward minorities, African Americans in particular. I notice people taking extra care in not offending anyone. It is now practically taboo to call someone black, whereas forty years ago it would not be unusual to hear that same person being called the n-word in normal conversation. There are many other examples of the hyper-awareness of American society. Affirmative action illustrated what I believe is the height of the P.C. craze. Though it was later ruled unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court, affirmative action established a quota of minorities for businesses and schools. Essentially, if two people, one black and one white, had the same qualifications for a job, or the same GPA and SAT score on a college application, the slot would go to the black ...

Researching university options for event management courses Essay Example

Researching university options for event management courses Essay Example Researching university options for event management courses Essay Researching university options for event management courses Essay After working for 6 years in a full time retail position, I decided to leave and pursue another career. This drastic change with impact my life greatly, mainly financially. At my previous job I received a substantial wage due to being in a management position but I was not entirely satisfied with the job. The new career I have chosen is event management, specifically in the music industry. I already have relevant experience as this is something I currently do in my spare time but feel I have taken it as far as I can with the knowledge I currently have. In this report I will be providing information on the different choices that are suitable to me accounting for location and funding sources available to me. Courses BSc (honours) event management 1. Plymouth university for a 3 year course 2. Optional placement year after year 2 bringing it up to a 4 year course 3. Course cost is  £9,000 a year 4. Entry requirements are GCSE Maths and English (grade C or above) Access to HE in social sciences(at least 33 credits at merit or distinction) The first year of the course is to Familiarise yourself with how events fit into the world of arts, entertainment and the media and Discover the principles of design and learn what it takes to manage conferences and events. The aim of the second year is to broaden your knowledge of festivals, exhibitions, conferences, planning and managing people and expand your knowledge of event innovation and the promotion of events. The third year is an optional placement year and the final year consists of demonstrating your skills in planning and staging events. BA (honours) event management 1. Cardiff university for a 3 year course 2. No placement option 3. Course cost is  £9,000 a year 4. Entry requirements are 5 GCSEs including Maths and English (grade C or above) Access to HE in social sciences (45 credits at level 3) The first year of the course is to introduce the event management and learn about the basics of organising an event and touches on how to manage a business. The second year goes in to more depth where I will learn about crisis management marketing for tourism and hospitality and event safety and licencing. The final year is where I will learn about strategic management for tourism, hospitality and Events. BA (honours) event management 1. Bournemouth university for a 4 year course 2. Compulsory placement in year 3 3. Course cost is  £9,000 a year 4. Entry requirements are 4 GCSEs including English and Maths (grade c and above) Access to HE in social sciences (with 60 Credits at least 45 at level 3, remainder at level 2 or equivalent) with a minimum of 24 level 3 credits with Merit or above. The first year of the course consists of event design and production, marketing, financial reporting and the marketing economy. The second year will build my knowledge and equip me the organisational skills to be an effective event manager. My third year is a placement year and the final year is where I will focus on a higher level of learning and in more depth, by studying events in their international context. All 3 universities are in the southwest of England which is within an easy travelling distance to family and friends I already have in this part of the country. I also would like to continue running music events in my spare time and having many contacts in the industry in the southwest is another factor for not attending a university elsewhere in the country. After completion of my Access to HE course I will have achieved the entry requirements for all the courses I have decided to look at. The course at Plymouth University is the course that will be best suited for me purely down to its location as I already live in Plymouth and would continue running my music events without having to start from scratch in another city. Funding Tuition fee loan A tuition fee loan of  £9,000 will be granted to cover the cost of tuition fees for every year I attend the course. The loan is paid directly to the University that I choose to attend. This is fully repayable but not until you are earning more than  £21,000 a year. Even once you are earning above the  £21,000 threshold, you only pay back 9% of what you earn above  £21,000 for example, if you are earning  £22,000 a year then you pay back 9% of the  £1,000 above the  £21,000 threshold which equates to  £90. Maintenance loan for living costs A maintenance loan for somebody living away from home outside of London of  £5,500 will be granted per year. The loan will be paid directly into my bank account at the start of term. This is fully repayable in the same way as the tuition fee loan. Student maintenance grant A maintenance grant of  £3,354 will be awarded for somebody earning less than  £25,000 which fits my financial income. The grant will not have to be paid back and will be paid directly into my bank account at the start of term. University bursary A bursary up to  £1,000 will be awarded to me as I will be on a household income of less than  £25,000. This will come directly from the university I choose and isn’t repayable. It will be paid directly into my bank account. Access to Learning Fund An access to learning fund is paid at the discretion of the University depending on current financial situation and whether I will be in hardship at the time of my application. This can be paid in a lump sun or in instalments throughout the year. It is paid directly in to my bank account.

Correctional Educational Programmes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Correctional Educational Programmes - Essay Example Louis Theroux identifies them as child molesters. Traditionally, incarcerated population has among the lowest levels of educational attainment and literacy in any society. There is an argument in correctional literature that correctional education programmes can break the cycle of reincarceration by providing prisoners with an opportunity to gain skills that are practical in the workplace and the community. From the critical perspective, correctional education programmes act as agents of social change. If they are effective, the programmes can greatly assist inmates with overcoming social pathologies often found in many of the communities in which they come from. There are many barriers that prevent adequate expansion of corrections education programmes. Budget cuts, high staffing costs, programme staff cuts, and poor accountability are just a few (Coley and Barton, 85). A major barrier also rests in ideological views of the role of the criminal justice system. This has resulted in a great divide in ideology: those who favor prison rehabilitation and those who favor punitive measures. Skeptics of rehabilitation often claim that research thus far fails to portray a strong link between educational programmes and post release outcomes. On the other hand, proponents of educational programmes claim that there is an inherent value in educating prisoners, and that the benefits of an education will be realized by inmates upon release and obtainment of work (Coley and Barton, 89). Education in prisons provides many unique advantages to both inmates and prisons. For example, prison education programmes provide an opportunity for the facility to keep inmates occupied and engaged. These programmes also foster improving individual skills by socializing inmates with other inmates and teachers (Mentor, 115). All of these factors can contribute to better levels of order and security within the facility. On the outside, prison education programmes are empirically linked to reduced recidivism rates, and enhanced opportunities to acquire work upon release. Given thousands of inmates are released from prison annually, the role of prison education programmes in reducing recidivism rates and improving social conditions is a vital component of the reentry process (Mentor,

Factors affecting buyer and supllier relationship Dissertation

Factors affecting buyer and supllier relationship - Dissertation Example Both pÐ °rties' environments mÐ °y influence the importer's perceptions of the exporter's opportunistic behÐ °vior, but for different reÐ °sons Ð °nd in different wÐ °ys. For instÐ °nce, importers fÐ °cing volÐ °tile mÐ °rket conditions Ð °re more likely to expect, due to their own biÐ °ses, thÐ °t their supply pÐ °rtners will behÐ °ve opportunisticÐ °lly. VolÐ °tility in the overseÐ °s supply mÐ °rket environment mÐ °y Ð °lso Ð °ffect the importer's perception of pÐ °rtner opportunism, becÐ °use volÐ °tility poses difficulties for exporters in meeting their contrÐ °ctuÐ °l obligÐ °tions. In Ð °ddition, volÐ °tility in internÐ °tionÐ °l exchÐ °nge Ð °llows negÐ °tive informÐ °tion Ð °symmetries to develop (cf. Ð nderson Ð °nd GÐ °tignon, 1986). InformÐ °tion Ð °symmetry implies thÐ °t one pÐ °rty's Ð °bility to mitigÐ °te the risk of opportunism is limited (KirmÐ °ni Ð °nd RÐ °o, 2000) Ð °nd presents numerous possibilities for overse Ð °s suppliers to shirk Ð °nd to renegotiÐ °te to their Ð °dvÐ °ntÐ °ge. In this regÐ °rd, Ð ° turbulent environment surrounding the exchÐ °nge cÐ °n be viewed Ð °s conducive to conditions thÐ °t fÐ °ci litÐ °te pÐ °rtner mÐ °lfeÐ °sÐ °nce. In short, the greÐ °ter the environmentÐ °l volÐ °tility surrounding the exporter-importer relÐ °tionship, the greÐ °ter the exporter's opportunism. 2. ContrÐ °ct detÐ °iled drÐ °fting Ð  first importÐ °nt strÐ °tegic choice thÐ °t buyers must mÐ °ke Ð °t the outset of Ð ° new purchÐ °se Ð °greement pertÐ °ins to the extent of detÐ °iled contrÐ °ct drÐ °fting. Explicit contrÐ °cts detÐ °il roles Ð °nd responsibilities to be erformed, determine outcomes to be delivered, Ð °nd specify Ð °dÐ °ptive processes for resolving unforeseeÐ °ble outcomes.

Positioning Statement Essay Example for Free

Positioning Statement Essay â€Å"To busy, career oriented professionals who need convenient car services, Pate Car Service is a mobile car service company that specializes in servicing your vehicle at your place of employment or residence, giving you the ability to spend more time being productive at work or spending time with your family.† My target segments would be men and woman who work a full time job because they are extremely busy and would not have enough time to get their car serviced. Another segment would be to high end neighborhoods, because most people who can afford nice homes work a lot of hours. Often times those whom reside in high scale neighborhoods have two working adults in the household. This would mean they do not have a lot of time on their hands and would want to maximize their down time with their families. I would also target people who were making high salaries. People making high salaries are great at time management and would realize it is not cost effective to take time off work to get their car serviced. If someone could come to their place of employment and service their vehicle, it would be more practical. My value proposition would be more for more. I believe this would be good because of the target market. By targeting those individuals who have high salaries and work full time jobs, they would pay a little more money for the convenience. They would have the most need for a mobile car service company and could afford it.

Hamlet Essay -- literary Analysis, Shakespeare

In Shakespeare’s play, Hamlet, protagonist Hamlet, experiences many rises and falls throughout the play that have a major impact on his mentality decline. The way in which readers interpret the character, Hamlet, can vary in many ways. For instance, Hamlet delivers many soliloquies throughout the work, giving readers a better insight of his state of mind. Additionally, two significant soliloquies in both Acts II and III show a clear view of Hamlet’s mental and emotional state. The soliloquies expressed by many characters throughout the play, signify a critical point within the plot or change of tone. For example, Hamlet’s monologue in (II.ii.563-622), he is justifying his actions, reaffirming himself that what he is planning to do to seek revenge for his father’s death, is the best thing to do. In this speech, Hamlet states, â€Å"Is it not monstrous that this player here,/ But in a fiction, in a dream of passion,/ Could force his soul so to his own conceit/That, from her working, all his visage wanned.(II.ii.565-568)† These lines can be inferred as Hamlet is questioning his own state of mind and validity of his plan. Hamlet is questioning how can a player, who acts out false emotions, can truly â€Å"catch the conscience of the King†(II.ii.622). However, he believes that the creativity exuded from the soul(II.ii,568), can effectively allow a player to perform as if they are real emotions. Hamlet’s only concern is seekin g revenge for his father’s death done at the hands of his uncle, Claudius, who now has the throne. The plot of the play to parallel to the real death of King Hamlet, allowing Hamlet to make Claudius feel uncomfortable and guilty(II.ii.578). Also, in this monologue, Hamlet states that the ghost of his father may have actua... ... instance, the speech in Act II can be seen as Hamlet’s concern with killing Claudius. Contrastingly, the speech in Act III can be seen as Hamlet just contemplating suicide. I do not believe that Hamlet is aware that Claudius and Polonius are hiding behind a tapestry during his monologue of Act III. Hamlet believes that he is truly alone and stating things that are true to his own thoughts. I believe that if Hamlet knew that Polonius and Claudius were near, he wouldn’t have stated those intimate thoughts and details of his strategic plan. In conclusion, Shakespeare’s Tragedy of Hamlet, is a tale of misfortune and deceit. Hamlet’s soliloquies were significant to this play whereas they act as markers for readers to follow the action within the play. Also, the monologues give a insight to the mind of Hamlet, allowing readers to have a better understanding the play.

How Important Was Martin Luther King Compared to Malcolm X

During the 1920’s/1930’s, black Americans faced a huge amount of discrimination from the whites and found if very difficult to achieve civil rights. They were at one stage deprived of the right to vote, not being entitled to the same things as whites, and not going to the same schools as whites. In order for blacks to achieve civil rights they needed someone to follow, they needed a leader. Many black leaders did emerge for the fight of civil rights. Two of the most powerful influential leaders of the twentieth century were Martin Luther King and Malcolm X. These two leaders had different methods and strategies, and very different views towards white people, but fought for the same thing. Martin Luther King was a pacifist, as he strongly disagreed in the use of any violence. This is made clear in source four, which is an example of what King achieved, in a peaceful protest. This source is from the civil rights movement, and it is about the incident of Rosa Parks. Rosa Parks was travelling on a local bus when a white woman asked her to give up her seat, and she refused, this is because she was ‘tired of giving in’ to racism. She was then arrested later that day. Martin Luther King then decided to lead a boycott of buses, which is when King first step into leading a civil rights movement, raising his profile as a leader, and his importance into the civil rights movement. Malcolm X believed in violence, and criticized King’s beliefs and methods. This is because he felt that King wasn’t doing enough for the black community, and that violence would make it happen faster. In source 14, Malcolm X gives his opinions on violence and non violence, ‘You haven’t got a revelation that doesn’t involve bloodshed. And you’re afraid to bleed. I said, you’re afraid to bleed. ’ It could be argued that Malcolm feels that most black people are cowardly and are failing to stand up for themselves. He also believes that violence solves things, which means he wants the blacks to intensify their actions. This is when Malcolm first became a symbol to black people, and became important in the civil rights movement; because he struck a chord among many young who felt they were being treated unjustly by the whites. Martin Luther King used peaceful protests and methods to publicise his views. An example of the peaceful protest was in Washington in March, 1963, when he delivered his ‘I have a dream’ speech which is shown in source 5. This emphasised his importance to the civil rights movement, as it is a well known speech which is still revered today, which emphasises Kings importance to the civil rights movement. A reason for it being well knows is because it was televised, and was broadcast to the whole of America, which means a lot more people heard it as it was more publicised. I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the colour of their skin, but by the content of their character. ’ This tells us that King was really pushing equality into the minds of white families. It could be argued that the whites in America were not ready for this huge change in their society, and it questioned the white people of America’s readiness to accept change. Malcolm X used very different methods to King, and often criticized the way he did things. Malcolm believed that they wouldn’t be able to accomplish anything without the use of violence, this is shown in source 13 when Malcolm says, ‘I am for violence if non-violence means we continue postponing a solution to the American black man’s problems. If we must use violence to get the black man his human rights in this country, then I am all for violence. ’ This indicates that Malcolm X’s method included violence, but this is only because he felt he needed to use it to gain his own human rights, which blacks were lacking terribly. It could be argued that white people were scared of black people to an extent, as Malcolm X’s followers would use violence towards them. Again, this illustrates him importance in the civil rights movement. Good examples of some of Martin Luther King’s successes is the previously discussed, ‘Montgomery Bus Boycott’ and the ‘I have a dream speech’. Another source that also gives evidence of his importance and success is source 11. This source is a graph on black Americans being registered to vote from the 1940’s – 1970’s. It is a line graph, with a positive correlation, with King’s actions, showing his success in the south. This tells us that King was making a huge impact on society, prolonging his importance. The civil rights act took place between 1964-1968, and was supported by the president at the time, Lyndon Johnson. This is shown in source 15 where it says, â€Å"All persons shall be entitled to the full and equal enjoyment of the goods, service facilities and privileges, advantages, and accommodations†¦without discrimination or segregation no the ground or face, colour, religion, or national origin† This indicates that the civil rights act was improving the lives of black people, regardless of how people judged them. This is a huge importance as Martin Luther King made a huge impact on the Civil Rights Movement. An example of Malcolm X’s successes would be him giving a voice to the ghettos in the in New York City. This is shown in source 16, ‘a high percentage of New York City’s black people responded to what I said, including a great many who would not publicly say so. ’ This shows us that while King was in the south, Malcolm X was in the north, giving his own views, and people were listening to him, and doing what he told them to – whether they admitted it or not. There is more evidence of this is the same source where Malcolm says, ‘‘time and time again when I spoke in street rallies, I would draw ten and twelve times as many people as most other so-called ‘negro leaders’’ This suggests that although other negro leaders were giving their views, the people didn’t respect theirs as much as Malcolm’s. It could be argued that because of Malcolm’s past, (including his home being burnt down, armed robbery charges, and a 6 ? year prison sentence), he had more experiences, and therefore more empathy than the other leaders with the dissatisfied youth of New York. This meant that the young black generation made more of a connection with Malcolm than the others, which means he was becoming more important. An example of Martin Luther King’s failures would be ‘The Freedom Ride’ in Birmingham, Alabama, 1963. The freedom ride was a failure, because of the use of violence which occurred. The plan of the freedom ride was just to ride, and cause a commotion for the population of Birmingham. However, in source 8, it shows a picture of fire hoses being used against protesters on the street. The water pressure was so powerful that it could knock bricks out of walls. This was the white power structures reaction to the freedom ride, demonstrating where the power lay. This source indicates the amount of violence that was used during this ‘peaceful’ protest, thus making it one of King’s failures. Therefore it’s important because although he had his failures he still had a large group of followers that stood by him, and kept the fight for equal rights alive. Malcolm X was considered irresponsible and negative. He criticized Martin Luther King’s methods, and he never established any organizations or events himself. This is evident as there are no sources given to support this, and there is no evidence of this in our research. It could be argued that he didn’t have any ideas of his own, and that he just followed other people’s ideas, such as: Marcus Garvey. It is suggested that Malcolm got his ideas from Marcus Garvey as Malcolm’s father was involved in his organization ‘The Universal Negro Improvement Association’ which means Malcolm was brought up in that environment from a young age. This not only means that Malcolm was inspired by Garvey, but could be argued that he spoke to young people about his ideas, but claiming them to be his own. It could be argued that this is one of his failures as he wasn’t thinking from his own perspective, but using other peoples. Martin Luther King had different ways of leading his supporters, in comparison to Malcolm X. As discussed before, King used peaceful protests and methods. It could be argued that this is how King got his followers, and why people thought King was the best civil rights leader to follow at the time. King was a leader of the SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership Conference) which was a civil rights organization against racial segregation. King was known as ‘the voice’ of the organization. The SCLC wanted ‘absolute and immediate freedom and equality†¦ right here in this land today’ which is why they organized so many different events (e. g. Montgomery bus boycott, ect. ) It could be argued that King had such a large group of followers, because he was a member of this group, and it is what got him known. This played an important part in King’s life, as not only did his leadership inspire people, but his leadership gave results. Malcolm X was a very different leader to Martin Luther King. This is because he believed in violence, and using force towards people. Malcolm was ‘suspicious’ of whites, and was willing to use ‘any means necessary’ to achieve quality. Malcolm usually gave speeches to ‘the ghettos’ of New York, which is where a lot of young black men and woman lived. Malcolm’s views soon spread and this is when a political party called ‘The black panthers’ was formed. The black panthers were feared by civilians. This is made clear in source 18 where it says, ‘This black panther is a vicious animal as you know†¦ it can destroy everything that’s before him. This indicated that the black panthers are a strong group, that aren’t to be messed with. The black panthers used weapons, and there were around 2000 members, this could be argued that the black panthers were some sort of ‘small army’ that intimidated many people. They promoted black people as being stronger and be tter that white people, and that ‘any this is necessary’ in order to become superior. Evidently, this is a very different viewpoint compared to Martin Luther Kings, which questioned his motives, and if he was doing enough. This is very important as the black panthers were created due to Malcolm X and his fight for ‘Black Power’. However, the ‘Black Panthers’ made Malcolm X look like an extremist, which is important as it could be argued Malcolm lost followers from this. In conclusion, I feel that Martin Luther King is more important that Malcolm X, to an extent. I feel King has made more progress that Malcolm X; this is because I feel he had more impact on the civil rights movement. Although Malcolm spoke for the youths living on the streets of New York, King broadcast his message throughout America as it was televised. King was also involved in peaceful protests and organizations which generated all over the south of America, such as the Montgomery Bus Boycott or The Washington March. However, I feel that Malcolm X didn’t get the chance to prove himself to be a big part of the Civil rights movement, this is because he spent a lot of time criticizing King’s methods, and his way of doing things, instead of combining their methods together, which would be argued would have had more of an impact of the Civil Rights Movement earlier. Malcolm then travelled around the world to learn about other black cultures. When he came back he had a different perspective on King’s views and opinions, but shortly after his return he was assassinated by members of the Black Muslim movement. This deprived Malcolm and Martin combining their ideas together and becoming a stronger union.

Pompeii and Herculaneum

Pompeii and Herculaneum are unique and remarkable because of their extraordinary state of preservation. No other archaeological site gives us so much information about life in ancient Rome. Pompeii and Herculaneum were buried in the volcanic eruption in 79AD in different ways, effectively which preserved majority of both sites. These archaeological remains that were left behind, such as bakeries, food bars, brothels, fulleries, wine presses and the Garum industry reveal a great deal about Industries and Occupations of this ancient civilisation. Reliability, usefulness and limitations of these sources play a important role in the accuracy of information. Partially, much of our knowledge about occupations and industries comes from bakeries, as somewhat 33 bakeries have been found scattered around Pompeii. In source 1, the Bakery of Modestus, 81 round loaves of bread divided into eight segments were found concealed in the oven. Although some households may have made their own bread, archaeological evidence reveals that at time of the eruption, most people had bought their bakeries. This evidence is also reliant on the fact that very few houses in Pompeii contained ovens. The bones of two donkeys were found still harnessed to the mills in a bakery in Herculaneum. This evidence suggests that most bakeries functioned this way. It can also be argued that slaves did this job as well. This evidence can be considered reliable and useful as of its number of convincing factors, and no opposing evidence suggesting otherwise. Thermopoliums (snack bars) have also broadened our knowledge about occupation in Herculaeum, as they were very common in ancient everyday life and seen throughout ruins of both towns . A total of over 130 small hot food bars have been identified to this day. In source 2, it can be speculated that food was taken and eaten standing up, as few Thermopoliums had tables and chairs. Penelope Allison, an Australian archaeologist suggests that that the peoples busy lives probably left little time for long meals at the dinner table. This evidence is concluding but can not be relied upon as limited evidence clarifies that they did so. The location of food bars in Herculaneum were mainly found opposite the Palaestra, this is revealing evidence of a great marketing scheme which we still use to this day. This allowed the business to attract more customers and therefore make more usiness. This evidence is also limiting but can be classified as useful in the development of increasing knowledge. Another aspect revealing much about Pompeii's occupational life was Prostitution, also know as lupanaria (brothels) was one of the most popular business in all of Roman society. In Source 3, a erotic image on the wall of a Lupanaria, reveals advertisement of par ticular specialities of a prostitute. We can speculate whether these images were painted on the wall to erouse customers, and or to illistrate different expierences that could be purchased. Many brothels also contained graffiti that mentioned the names of the women who worked their, and customers and the particular services they provided. These useful sources of information are limiting but contribute to our growing knowledge of Prostitution in Pompeii. Furthermore, Fulleries give us a considerable insight on the cloth manufacturing process in Pompeii. In source 4, the fullery of Stephanus, we can learn valuable information on manufacturing process of cloths. Paintings on the wall in the house of Stephanus reveal the process in which the cloths were cleaned. Jars found at the back of the fullery still contained traces of ammonia, which indicate that urine was a important ingredient in the cleaning process. We also know of this key ingrediant as Pliny the Elder states that camel urine was prized most of all. These sources offering information can be considered reliable and useful to archaeologists. Likewise, another Industry that played a important part in Pompeii and Herculaneum economy was production of wine. In source 5, a wine press found in Pompeii, reveals valuable knowledge contributing to the production of wine, as the wine press was involved in the process of wine making. Many houses have been found with wine presses in them aswell as doliums, in which the wine was stored in. Wine was sold widely around the town, as indicated in graffiti on shop fronts. Pliny the Elder states that ‘Pompeian wine could cause a headache that last to none the next day', this supporting evidence gives archaeologists a insight into the quality of which Pompeian wine was, although many customers applauded Pompeian wines, this is evidential by graffiti in bars. Majority of this evidence is both reliable and useful to archaeologists. Another addition to growing knowledge of Pompeii and Herculaneum's economy was the production of Garum. Only one Garum shop has been identified in Pompeii, this shop is shown in source 1 and is supporting evidence towards the production of Garum. Garum was extremely popular, Archaeologists know this with reference to Pliny the Elder who quotes ‘no other liquid except urgents has come to be more highly valued'. Archaeologists can also apprehend that Garum was distributed and sold widley around the Italian surrounding areas, we know this from containers of garum that have benn found scattered around the Vesuvius area, as well as traces of Garum jars found in France. As study performed by Robert Curtis, estimated that 70% of Garum was locally produced, this came from the remains of Garum in containers. Pliny statement can be considered reliable as well as useful to archaeologists, this is applies to Robert Curtis' study. In conclusion, it can be argued that Pompeii and Herculaneum are two of the most unigue and important sites of the ancient world.

Domestic Operations for Apple Inc. Essays

Domestic Operations for Apple Inc. Essays Domestic Operations for Apple Inc. Essay Domestic Operations for Apple Inc. Essay Domestic Operations for Apple Inc Name: Institution: Lecturer: Course: Date:Domestic Operations for Apple Inc An economic indicator is a statistic regarding the prevailing environment in any market. They are essentially essential in the analysis of economic performance and forecasting for future deliberations. Every month, if not weekly, many organizations and institutions carry out economic surveys and indicators. In the past, economists and business administrators utilized an added advantage by accessing this pertinent information in a timely fashion. However, the emergence of the internet has altered the corporate environment by availing this pertinent information to the public (Prakash, Hart, 2000). With the right skills and knowledge, the economic indicators can have a significant impact on any form or corporation on the market. With this regard, interpreting the information contained in economic indicators is of great importance to any investor. Apple Inc an American multinational company that deals in the design and marketing of consumer electronic products, software for computers and personal computers. Statistics indicate that the company commands a considerable global market share in the sale of consumer electronics. To maintain this standard, it is prudent for the company to study and analyze the available economic indicators for its deliberation processes (United States Department of Housing and Urban Development, 2008). The Consumer Price Index (CPI) One of the identified economic indicators pertinent to Apple Inc.’s deliberation processes is The Consumer Price Index (CPI). This economic indicator is essential because it provides the benchmark inflation guide for the United States of America’s market. The economic indicator utilizes a method referred to as a â€Å"basket of goods† approach that focuses in the comparison of an unswerving from time to time, usually on a yearly basis focusing on goods and services that are purchased and utilized by consumers on a daily basis. Apple Inc. deals in a wide variety of items. Some of which are purchased on a daily or weekly basis. The products reported range from edible to electronic commodities. Such products include music and video downloads and computer application programs. In responding to the information retrieved from the consumer price index, the firm can therefore design a strategy in order to maximize the revenues in the years ahead. By studying the consumer patterns of the domestic market, Apple can therefore learn the needs of the consumers and therefore restructure their products to meet their needs. This can be through unleashing new products into the market or modifying their current products in order to satisfy the consumer needs. On the same manner, the company can analyze the information and realize the slow-moving consumer products. With this regard, the company can therefore strategize on how to minimize the production of such products with comparison to the market demands. Employee Cost Index Another pertinent economic indicator is the employee cost index. This is usually a quarterly report containing information on the compensation costs. This report is released in the last month of the quarter. It contains the cutoff date of payroll periods that are closed on the twelfth of the month during which the report is released. The employee cost index is regarded as an index-based indicator that provides the dynamics in wages, salaries, bonuses and benefits from the last quarter. This information is provided on an hourly basis. The employee cost index economic index is important because it provides inflationary insights. Most of the firms including Apple Inc incur most of their expenditure through compensation costs. The compensation cost is evaluated by dividing the cost of goods sold with the selling general and administrative expense. The information provided by this report is divided from industry to industry because the relative percentages of the cost of goods sold will usually vary from industry to industry. By evaluating the information provided by this economic indicator, administrative managers can design strategies aimed at maximizing profits in the future. This is through checking for any signs of inflation and information pertaining to the dynamism in perception of Wall Street. This is mainly because the level of inflation will cause changes in the bond market. With this regard, the stock will change in accordance with the prevailing performance relative to economic growth forecasts. The strategy can pertain the future planning of employment trends and revenue allocation to remuneration of staff. Employee Situation Report The employee situation report is an economic indicator that is carried out by the Bureau Labor of Statistics. This research survey is carried out by taking into account over four hundred thousand business entities across the United States of America. This report is pertinent to the decision making purposes of Apple Inc. because the information it provides can be used to determine the financial stability of the job market. This is mainly because of the research’s immense sample size and historical significance. With this regard, by analyzing this report, the investors of Apple Inc can formulate strategies on whether it is prudent to add in additional investment in the company like setting up new branches or withholding on expansionist strategies based on the health of the job market. With this regard, the company can therefore run under optimum profitability both in the current environment and future as can be forecasted through the report. Wholesale Trade Report The wholesale trade report is an economic indicator whose information can be utilized by the administrative managers of Apple Inc. in the formulation of strategies that enable the company to run on maximum profits in the years ahead. The economic indicator provides an inventory to sales ratio that is highly important to both investors and economists. The ratio provides information regarding the imbalances in the supply and demand that exist in the corporate market. When the retail demand of a certain commodity is greater than the prevailing production levels support, the inventory to sales ratio will indicate this imbalance by falling. When there are equal levels in both retail demand and prevailing production level support, the inventory to sales ratio indicates a ratio of one. With this regard, the administrators of Apple Inc. can therefore design strategies regarding the production levels based on the inventory to sales ratio. An increase in the inventory to sales ratio can guide the mangers into designing a strategy based on the high retail demand, or corporate profits. This is performed as increasing costs to maintain the inventory or lagging production increases. The ratio is also used in determining a possible occurrence of a recession through a study of the cycle. The inventories tend to become more during the time when the economy is lagging, and the sales become below par. The ration thus attains its cyclical optimum level in the midd le of a recession. Consumer Confidence Index The consumer confidence index is an economic indicator that is extremely beneficial to manufacturers and producers or traders in general. The economic indicator provides information on how consumers are satisfied with a certain commodity. This is based on the purchasing ability of the consumers. A strong consumer confidence report can have the ability of changing the markets by motivating the investors into purchasing more equities. The idea behind this motivation is that a consumer with the perception of an improvement of his or her standards of living is more likely to increase in purchases and acquisitions especially regarding secondary and luxury commodities. This is especially when the economy is lagging below par. With this regard, Apple Inc. can therefore use the survey into designing a strategy regarding the future production levels. With this regard, when the report indicates a strong consumer confidence level, the company is to restructure its production by increasing its production levels in order to meet the increase in demand in consumer products in the future. With this respect, a low consumer confidence will enable the company directors to design strategies aimed at decreasing future production levels in anticipation with the decrease in demand in the future (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2011). Industrial Production This economic indicator contains the capacity utilization levels for the various industries. The evaluation uses a base year as a benchmark level of one hundred percent. Currently, the year used as the benchmark is 2002. The indicator also provides aggregate utilization ratios for manufacturing and high technology production. The information provided by the economic indicator can be used by Apple Inc. in making future forecasting and designing strategies aimed at maximizing the revenue earned by the company. By evaluating the capacity utilization levels, the company can make the relevant future adjustments to ensure profitability in the future. When the indicator presents capacity utilization levels that are above 82-85%, this indicates forecasts price increases or possible decrease in supply levels. Capacity utilization levels that are below eighty percent indicate a lagging in the economy and thus suggest future recession worries and unemployment (United States Department of Commerce, 2012).

psychology Seating Experiment essays

psychology Seating Experiment essays Students who sit in the first row of the class room will receive A s. The students in the second and third rows will receive B s and C s. The students that sit in the fourth and fifth rows will receive Ds and Fs. I am going to take thirty high school students. I am going to randomly assign them to a seat in the class room that is set up with six desks in each row with five rows. They will all be taught the same on the same day at the same time at the same level. They will be moved five times over the time they are in they class. They will be given five tests on the information they learned while sitting in that particular seat. After the test the student will then be moved to a different row of the class room and then tested again later on different information that they learned while sitting in that seat. This will happen five times. At the end of all five tests I will compare how each row did on each test. And determine which row is the best row for students who want to get good grades to sit in. The experimental group is the students and how they are getting randomly moved to a different row five times through out the year. The control group is that the teacher. The teacher is teaching the students the exact same things at the exact same time. The control group is also how the class room is set up. The set up of the class does not change through out the year at all. Some possible extraneous variables could be learning disorders. This will be taken care of by random assignment in the seating. The students with the learning disorders will be spread out throughout each row because random assignment. Another extraneous variable could be the amount of sleep each student get a night. This could effect the students performance on their school work. Random assignment would take care of this extraneous var ...

The Later Roman Empire Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Later Roman Empire - Essay Example Stephen Williams and Gerard Friell discover why and how, contempt same political and military agitations, the western empire all but broke down and the eastern empire lived and amalgamated its strength confront of the incursive weak, barbarians, and immature imperial and machinations around the globe.   The article explores the threats from the huns, due to the fact of tribal power. The article discusses about the factors of durability during establishment of Roman Empire. It highlights the administrative, fiscal and diplomatic experience.The Rome That Did Not Fall examines the remarkable convalescence of the eastern empire, equating the straight and varying growths in east and west, and retracing the development of new accomplishments and schemes in the east_diplomatic, political, military and fiscal (Williams, Feriell 1). It gives a clear and explanatory discovery of the Roman Empire in fifth century.The end of the Roman Empire is written by BRYAN WARD. It discusses about the dec line of Roman Empire.   It highlites the factors and facts that are related to the decline of the Roman Empire. It covers both the sequential annihilation of the political, military, and economic and other related social schools of Rome and the barbarian encroachments that were concluded as its final sentence in Western Europe (Perkins 1).The Roman Empire decline was slow, it didn’t occur overnight. Many authors look this decline in several different perspectives. The slow decline took place over.... s raise the question about the importance of this date, this is not just because the legitimate emperor Julius Nepos, identified by the East Roman Empire, used to live in Dalmatia, until he was killed in 480. More significantly, the Ostrogoths who safely assumed themselves maintainers of the direct line of Roman traditions. And as Bryan noticed, the Eastern Roman Empire was losing its strength and continuously facing decline until the on May 29, 1453 when the Fall of Constantinople occurred. The author takes the new perspective of the Fall of Rome, by arguing that the caused the demise of the Empire. He has concluded that the fall of Rome was because of the political instability, reduced tax revenue and foreign invasion (Demandt 12). The invasion left long term damage on Rome. The invasion lessoned about the long term capability to equip the hordes with predictable outcomes. As regular invasions instigates provisional rebellion as self help by implementing imperial resources. He argu es that some people did not see the decline of the Rome as a bad thing for the involved. On the other hand, many authors consider the decline of the Rome as a disaster. The author also points the series of facts, and decision which caused the huge disaster in Rome (Jones 284). Western Europe has now recovered a lot but it took around thousand years and still there is room for recoveries. Rome still needs to recover a lot in order to retain its previous position back. The decline was a huge disaster and it needs more efforts and strong policies in all sectors in order to regain its position. Proper implementation of strong policies will surely help a lot in achieving the powering position of Rome (Heather 41). Western Europe has actually recovered a lot but it took a long to retain back its

Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 53

Discussion - Essay Example Most people have a reluctance to find reliable and trusted resources about important national and government events. Studies also reveal that facts have little effect in changing people and their perception towards the government operations. Political ignorance has been paramount for a number of years and people often base their opinions based on beliefs rather than democratic ideals and human intelligence. Facts ought to dictate beliefs and preconceived notions. People should dedicate time to learn more about the government and its policies. People tend to seek consistency as they interpret information to their beliefs. Through motivated reasoning, people should strive to accept that the sophistication of governance alters existing norms to incorporate structural or political development. Through E-government portals, the public should access any government events or services. E-governments are responsible in ensuring effectiveness in government delivery services as well as simplifying the compliance of citizen participation and government regulations. Through the e-government orientation, citizens will participate in government activities and strengthen their trust. This action will also ensure cost-effective business practices and responsive, streamlined government services are achieved. The access of information will allow people to access various government services and information. People will also participate in democracy and cause a great impact as to how the government can interact efficiently with its citizens. The e-government has various benefits regarding the participation of the public. More people will have free access to various platforms in which they can express their opinions in the government. For example, a certain minister may choose to get opinion about certain amendments to the constitution that he or she may wish to make. It is important that the public participate in these proposed new

Controversy that Surrounds Capital Punishment Research Paper

Controversy that Surrounds Capital Punishment - Research Paper Example Capital Punishment Capital punishment is one of the most controversial aspects of the administration of criminal justice. Its documented history is rooted in the early eighteenth century B.C. among the Babylonians under the leadership of King Hammurabi, who is associated with the Hammurabi Code (Brians 59). This code contained 282 laws that governed that society, with more than twenty-five of these laws advocating for the death penalty as a punishment for the crimes committed. These crimes included stealing from temples, breaking and entering, false accusations, and adultery, among others. During this period, the major modes of execution seemed to be harsh and inhumane and bent towards making the culprits suffer before they eventually died. For example, depending on the crimes committed, convicted criminals were put to death through burning, crucifixion, drowning, or even being beaten to death (Brians 64). In the United States, the first documented execution with regard to capital pu nishment can be traced back to the year 1608, when Captain George Kendall was killed for allegedly spying on Britain for Spain (Cassel 14). It may be important to note that the United States at this time was under the colonial rule of the Britons, who are credited with the introduction of the death penalty in the pre-independence era. The second execution was that of a Daniel Frank from the then-colony of Virginia, who was accused of committing robbery, an act that was contrary to the divine, moral, and martial laws of 1612 which were enforced by the governor, Sir Thomas Dale, and which prescribed the death penalty for crimes that would be considered petty today. Crimes that earned the death penalty included stealing items such as grapes, doing business with Indians, or merely killing a chicken (Cassel 23). The death penalty has been in existence so long that it is entrenched in many cultures (Bedau 12). It is therefore no surprise that many countries, including the post-independenc e United States, have embraced the death penalty as one way of deterring crimes, especially those considered capital offenses. However, the scope within which it is applied has been reduced significantly over the years to limit it to crimes such as first-degree murder and treason, as seen in most of the states’ penal codes. Other capital offenses include drug trafficking, kidnapping, aircraft hijacking, perjury, and acts of terrorism, among others, but these vary by state (Bedau 28). This means that committing perjury resulting in death may attract a death sentence in California but a more lenient punishment in a state such as Oklahoma. The military can also sentence soldiers to death in times of war for committing crimes such as desertion, rebelling openly against their superiors’ orders, or betraying their own forces, thereby compromising their mission. However, most of these crimes are uncommon, and murder has been the crime that has most often resulted in the appli cation of the death penalty in the United States (Roberts 132). Unlike in the pre-modern societies such as the Babylonians under Hammurabi, the carrying out of death sentences has taken more humane forms, which are less primitive and aimed at getting the results (i.e., the death of the convict) rather than inflicting pain. In this context, most

The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company L.L.C. Essay Example for Free

The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company L.L.C. Essay The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company L.L.C is known in the hotel industry as the king of hoteliers. It is best known for its exemplary and extraordinary service. The principles behind its service are largely driven by the legacy of Ceaser Ritz, whose philosophy of service and innovations redefined the standards of service, dining and facilities for luxury in a hotel. In order to maintain its positioning in the market, the company has strived to enhance its core competencies and preventing them from becoming rigidities. The report aims to outline and illustrate how the Ritz-Carlton has used and could adopt Human Resources Management strategy to propel it to a higher level in the industry. BACKGROUND AND ESSENCE OF SERVICE: The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company L.L.C is a leader in the hotel and hospitality industry that specializes in the development and operation of luxury hotels for others. It currently has operations in the three major regions; Asia/Pacific, Europe/Middle East and the Americans and Caribbean. (see Exhibit 1)Today the company is renowned for its exemplary and extraordinary service and painstaking attention to detail The key driver of it success was the legacy of Ceaser Ritz, whose philosophy of service and innovations redefined the standards of service, dining and facilities for luxury in a hotel setting endured long after his demise through his son Charles Ritz, who was an active board member of The Ritz-Carlton until his death in 1977. As one would expect the measure of the satisfaction derived from personalization available is totally in the control of the clients. The Ritz-Carlton group realized this long time ago and has since developed an aggressive and proactive approach to innovation of it delivering of services to consistently exceed the expectations of the guests. As a result, the company has received all the major awards the hospitality industry and leading consumer organizations can bestowThus in order to maintain its positioning in the market, the company has strived to enhance its core competencies and preventing them from becoming rigidities by constantly  refining its processes to ensure sustainability and proactive evolution of it values and standards of service. The companys guiding principles are embodied in the Gold Standards which encompass the values and philosophy by which it operates. They provide a guideline for the operational management of the hotels. Actions taken by Ritz-Carlton for the fulfilment of these standards include Total Quality Management (TQM) philosophy that permeates the organization, customized programs, establishment of Service Quality Indicators (SQIs) and Corporate Social Responsibility initiatives. However; the heavy emphasis on human resources is probably the most critical component of it strategy. It based on the four aspects of Human Resources Management:1.Planning2.Recruitment3.Development4.Review and appraisalRitz-Carltons main product is guest experience that is personalize and beyond expectation. JOINING THE RITZ-CARLTON TEAM The motto at Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, L.L.C. is, We are Ladies and Gentlemen serving Ladies and Gentlemen. This motto exemplifies the anticipatory service provided by all staff members for which they receive a 7 day orientation starting on their first day at work. Ritz-Carlton completely integrates human resources and operations. Here the human resources and operations work together to select, orient, train and certify employees. They also ensure that the employees are highly empowered and remain deeply involved in running the business. During these first seven days, employees are trained and sensitized on the key competencies required and the applicable ground rules to successfully perform their duties. Emphasis is put on understanding and embracing the golden standards and any other factors that would affect the satisfaction of the guests with the services provided to them by the hotel. The seven days programme aims at fundamentally altering the employees behaviour by adapting to the standard required by the company in order to achieve their business strategy as well as creating a memorable event.  Ritz-Carlton believes that employees have to feel responsible for customer satisfaction, participate in developing the companys vision, strategies and plans, ultimately becoming a part of the Ritz-Carlton mystiqueTo lengthen the training days before hotel openingAt the end of it, all the freshly hired employees are expected to understand and easily apply the company standards which include problem solving, detailed grooming, housekeeping and safety. Ritz-Carlton believes that only the finest ladies and gentlemen can maintain the companys distinguished Gold Standards. Therefore it puts a lot of emphasis on the selection of the first class candidates for its staffing requirements and it follows a Quality Selection Process (QSP) that involves conducting research with employees, customizing interviews, identification of candidates who are most likely to be the best performers in specific roles. Ritz-Carlton pays a lot of attention to the tracking and appraising of employees performance, reviewing and improving systems and procedures based on internal and external analysis. Then the first class selected candidates follow an ongoing training program that is as much part of the company Gold Standard target. In the hospitality industry, most of the hotels have a soft opening and a real operation starts after a few weeks but it is different in Ritz-Carlton hotels. Ritz-Carlton aims to have everything right when the door opens to the first customers. The seven day countdown process is not just a training course for the candidates. It is actually a Ritz-Carlton standard procedure set before opening a new property. The first two days are the orientation days and the candidates become certified by attending a five days training course which runs by the prepared employee trainers. I believe James McBride should not expand the seven day countdown process as it will increase the cost of the hotel at it will postponed the opening  days. The seven day countdown is a standard procedure which has been used in many Ritz-carton hotels and it worked properly in the other hotels. HOTEL OPENING PROCESS The Seven Day Countdown process was recognized as Ritz-Carltons best practice. However, this process was challenged by Collin, who represents Millennium Partners. The underlying challenge comes in two folds:First, can Ritz-Carlton open at higher occupancy rate (i.e. higher than 50% during the first month)?Second, can Ritz-Carlton reach to 80% of occupancy rate in a shorter amount of time (i.e. instead of 3-4 months)?Collin questioned that 7 days may limit to reach these targets (i.e. higher open occupancy rate and shorter time to reach 80% occupancy rate). It is difficult to acknowledge whether or not 7 days is the limiting factor to achieve the target. Perhaps, it is more pragmatic to carry out research to study the root causes that contribute to these effects, instead of changing the best practice without considering the various repercussions (e.g. cost, reputation, organization process change etc.). The consequences of changing the current best recipe may alter the business result, hence, impact the bottom, if not carefully plan and execute. Lets summarize the key activities of each days in Seven Days CountdownDay 1: Orientation:Day 2: Departmental VisionDay 3 4: Technical training Handling Guest DifficultiesDay 5 7: Technical trainingSome areas of recruitment and selection can be further streamlined, e.g. a 2 days job fair can be reduced to 1 day, by changing some of the recruitment process, e.g. offer online registration, pre-interview online screening process. Besides, to meet the service quality, the HRP (Human Resource Planning) needs to closely integrate with the organizational strategy, i.e. the forecast of occupancy rate, the time of recruitment and selection, training and development etc. To meet the targets as above-mentioned, it is paramount to plan in feed-forward approach, i.e. to set target of above 50% in first month, and to reach 80% occupancy rate in, say, 2 months. The HRP and marketing team  needs to work hand on hand to match the supply and demand, of both customers and workforce sides. The HRP might forecast the headcount needs to match the higher occupancy rate, e.g. in forecasting workforce number, by the deployment of both quantitative and qualitative methods. Besides, the demographic of the location and employees mobility might be the important factors to consider in this planning and execution process, e.g. the availability of skill-set in particular location. Any constraints in the availability of skill-sets may restrict the capabilities to match to the target sets. To enhance the training and achieve consistent quality of Ritz-Carlton, it is also possible to relocate the existing workforce from another location to the newly opening Ritz-Carlton, this will increase the quality and flawless in services. To achieve higher level of quality service and to reach to the higher occupancy rate in opening and subsequent months, the HRP may integrate the past experience of opening new hotels into current training session for employees. For example, the issues encountered in the past, from the very beginning stage, such as recruitment and selection, retention, to 7 days countdown of employees training, can be documented, and integrate in HRIS (Human Resource Information System), and translate into a practical case study, and to be used in the 7 days countdown process, as real case study will shorten the learning curve and stimulate learning process. Besides, to meet quality level, and foster learning, it is paramount to maintain high retention during the period from selection, and job offering to 7 days countdown. This can be achieved through the current best practice (Exhibit 9), and also, providing employees the self-training material, such as CD, booklet, online training web portal. Conclusion In a nutshell, Ritz-Carlton is selling experience, not selling hotel rooms, as such, to maintain the gold standard, it is important to embed the culture prior to full-occupancy level. Besides, the true nature of hotel business is about service, and more importantly, service business is perishable (not inventories), and intangibility, both the hotel artefacts, and also services, will influence the customers experience. Reference list: 1.Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company Wikipedia encyclopaedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ritz-Carlton_Hotel_Company)2.http://www.quality.nist.gov/PDF_files/RCHC_Application_Summary.pdf3.More details can be found at (http://www.ritzcarlton.com/corporate/about_us/gold_standards.asp). 4.Harvard business School case study5.Ritz-Carltons Gold Standard Service (http://www.epmsonline.com)Appendix1:The Golden Standards Summary†¢The CredoThe Ritz-Carlton Hotel is a place where the genuine care and comfort of our guests is our highest mission. We pledge to provide the finest personal service and facilities for our guests who will always enjoy a warm, relaxed, yet refined ambience. The Ritz-Carlton experience enlivens the senses, instils well-being, and fulfils even the unexpressed wishes and needs of our guests. †¢MottoAt The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, L.L.C., We are Ladies and Gentlemen serving Ladies and Gentlemen. This motto exemplifies the anticipatory service provided by all staff members. †¢Three Steps Of ServiceA warm and sincere greeting. Use the guests name. Anticipation and fulfilment of each guests needs. Fond farewell. Give a warm good-bye and use the guests name. †¢Service Values:I Am Proud To Be Ritz-Carlton; I build strong relationships and create Ritz-Carlton guests for life; I am always responsive to the expressed and unexpressed wishes and needs of our guests; I am empowered to create unique, memorable and personal experiences for our guests; I understand my role in achieving the Key Success Factors, embracing Community Footprints and creating The Ritz-Carlton Mystique; I continuously seek opportunities to innovate and improve The Ritz-Carlton experience; I own and immediately resolve guest problems; I create a work environment of teamwork and lateral service so that the needs of our guests and each other are met; I have the opportunity to continuously learn and grow; I am involved in the planning of the work that affects me; I am proud of my professional appearance, language and behavior; I protect the privacy and security of our guests, my fellow employees and the companys confidential information and assets; I am responsible for uncompromising levels of cleanliness and creating a safe and accident-free environment. †¢The 6th DiamondMystique; Emotional Engagement; Functional†¢The Employee PromiseAt The Ritz-Carlton, our Ladies and Gentlemen are the most important resource in our service commitment to our guests. By applying the principles of trust, honesty, respect, integrity and commitment, we nurture and maximize talent to the benefit of each individual and the company. The Ritz-Carlton fosters a work environment where diversity is valued, quality of life is enhanced, individual aspirations are fulfilled, and The Ritz-Carlton Mystique is strengthened.